commit 0642dd19c61aa884b5c96c219b586a0c635470b5

Author: Yoshiki Sato <ysatowse@openjdk.org>

Date:   Wed Apr 5 01:19:00 2023 +0000

    Backport ed9592c6e81f82e2bf6508ce45ba15aad8232181

diff --git a/make/data/tzdata/VERSION b/make/data/tzdata/VERSION

index 0f328a4a7f..66bd061e8b 100644

--- a/make/data/tzdata/VERSION

+++ b/make/data/tzdata/VERSION

@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@

 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

 # questions.

 #

-tzdata2022g

+tzdata2023c

diff --git a/make/data/tzdata/africa b/make/data/tzdata/africa

index 830d7d10b7..a73405fdb0 100644

--- a/make/data/tzdata/africa

+++ b/make/data/tzdata/africa

@@ -344,6 +344,14 @@ Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	24:00	0	-

 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):

 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,

+# From Ahmad ElDardiry (2023-03-01):

+# Egypt officially announced today that daylight savings will be

+# applied from last Friday of April to last Thursday of October.

+# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-01):

+# Assume transitions are at 00:00 and 24:00 respectively.

+# From Amir Adib (2023-03-07):

+# https://www.facebook.com/EgyptianCabinet/posts/638829614954129/

+

 Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	24:00	0	-

 Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	24:00	0	-

 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	10	24:00	0	-

@@ -353,6 +361,8 @@ Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	May	15	24:00	1:00	S

 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jun	26	24:00	0	-

 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jul	31	24:00	1:00	S

 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-

+Rule	Egypt	2023	max	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00	1:00	S

+Rule	Egypt	2023	max	-	Oct	lastThu	24:00	0	-

 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

 		#STDOFF	2:05:08.9

@@ -452,7 +462,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1908 May

 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.

 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion.

 #

-# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric

+# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more accurate numeric

 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.

 #

 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

@@ -589,8 +599,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920

 # DST the coming summer...

 #

 # Some sources, in French:

-# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB

-# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-

+# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-«-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99été-ne-sera-pas-appliquée-cette-année-»

+# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-économie-d-énergie-de-l-heure-d-été-ont-été-atteints-

 #

 # Our wrap-up:

 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html

@@ -721,7 +731,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis

 # More articles in the press

 # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html

 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923

-# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim

+# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT+1-a-partir-de-dim

 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):

 # They have it written in English here:

@@ -736,7 +746,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis

 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),

 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:

 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été

-# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9

+# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-légale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-dété

 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on

 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on

 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)

@@ -860,19 +870,28 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis

 # Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time

 # shift will be the next weekend.

 #

-# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31):

+# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10):

+# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076

+# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/

+#

+# From Milamber (2023-03-14, 2023-03-15):

+# The return to legal GMT time will take place this Sunday, March 19 at 3 a.m.

+# ... the return to GMT+1 will be made on Sunday April 23, 2023 at 2 a.m.

+# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites/passage-à-l%E2%80%99heure-gmt-à-partir-du-dimanche-19-mars-2023

+#

+# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-14):

 # For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00

 # the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the

-# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan.  To implement this,

+# first Sunday after one day after Ramadan.  To implement this,

 # transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by

-# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3.  (This algorithm

+# running the following program under GNU Emacs 28.2.  (This algorithm

 # also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018,

 # though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.)

 # (let ((islamic-year 1440))

 #   (require 'cal-islam)

 #   (while (< islamic-year 1511)

 #     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))

-#           (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))

+#           (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))

 #           (sunday 0))

 #       (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))

 #       (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))

@@ -886,10 +905,6 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis

 #         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))

 #         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))

 #     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))

-#

-# From Milamber (2021-03-31, 2022-03-10), confirming these predictions:

-# https://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=2076

-# https://www.ecoactu.ma/horaires-administration-ramadan-gmtheure-gmt-a-partir-de-dimanche-27-mars/

 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

 Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	-

@@ -942,7 +957,7 @@ Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	May	16	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	Mar	27	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	May	 8	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Mar	19	 3:00	-1:00	-

-Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Apr	30	 2:00	0	-

+Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Apr	23	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Mar	10	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Apr	14	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Feb	23	 3:00	-1:00	-

@@ -958,7 +973,7 @@ Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Feb	18	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Dec	30	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2030	only	-	Feb	10	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2030	only	-	Dec	22	 3:00	-1:00	-

-Rule	Morocco	2031	only	-	Feb	 2	 2:00	0	-

+Rule	Morocco	2031	only	-	Jan	26	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2031	only	-	Dec	14	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2032	only	-	Jan	18	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2032	only	-	Nov	28	 3:00	-1:00	-

@@ -974,7 +989,7 @@ Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Nov	23	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Nov	15	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2038	only	-	Sep	26	 3:00	-1:00	-

-Rule	Morocco	2038	only	-	Nov	 7	 2:00	0	-

+Rule	Morocco	2038	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2039	only	-	Sep	18	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2039	only	-	Oct	23	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2040	only	-	Sep	 2	 3:00	-1:00	-

@@ -990,7 +1005,7 @@ Rule	Morocco	2044	only	-	Aug	28	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2045	only	-	Jul	 9	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2045	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2046	only	-	Jul	 1	 3:00	-1:00	-

-Rule	Morocco	2046	only	-	Aug	12	 2:00	0	-

+Rule	Morocco	2046	only	-	Aug	 5	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2047	only	-	Jun	23	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2047	only	-	Jul	28	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2048	only	-	Jun	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-

@@ -1006,7 +1021,7 @@ Rule	Morocco	2052	only	-	Jun	 2	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2053	only	-	Apr	13	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2053	only	-	May	25	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2054	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-

-Rule	Morocco	2054	only	-	May	17	 2:00	0	-

+Rule	Morocco	2054	only	-	May	10	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2055	only	-	Mar	28	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2055	only	-	May	 2	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2056	only	-	Mar	12	 3:00	-1:00	-

@@ -1022,7 +1037,7 @@ Rule	Morocco	2060	only	-	Mar	 7	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2061	only	-	Jan	16	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2061	only	-	Feb	27	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2062	only	-	Jan	 8	 3:00	-1:00	-

-Rule	Morocco	2062	only	-	Feb	19	 2:00	0	-

+Rule	Morocco	2062	only	-	Feb	12	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2062	only	-	Dec	31	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2063	only	-	Feb	 4	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2063	only	-	Dec	16	 3:00	-1:00	-

@@ -1038,7 +1053,7 @@ Rule	Morocco	2067	only	-	Dec	11	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2068	only	-	Oct	21	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2068	only	-	Dec	 2	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2069	only	-	Oct	13	 3:00	-1:00	-

-Rule	Morocco	2069	only	-	Nov	24	 2:00	0	-

+Rule	Morocco	2069	only	-	Nov	17	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2070	only	-	Oct	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2070	only	-	Nov	 9	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2071	only	-	Sep	20	 3:00	-1:00	-

@@ -1054,7 +1069,7 @@ Rule	Morocco	2075	only	-	Sep	15	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2076	only	-	Jul	26	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2076	only	-	Sep	 6	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2077	only	-	Jul	18	 3:00	-1:00	-

-Rule	Morocco	2077	only	-	Aug	29	 2:00	0	-

+Rule	Morocco	2077	only	-	Aug	22	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2078	only	-	Jul	10	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2078	only	-	Aug	14	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2079	only	-	Jun	25	 3:00	-1:00	-

@@ -1064,13 +1079,13 @@ Rule	Morocco	2080	only	-	Jul	21	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2081	only	-	Jun	 1	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2081	only	-	Jul	13	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2082	only	-	May	24	 3:00	-1:00	-

-Rule	Morocco	2082	only	-	Jul	 5	 2:00	0	-

+Rule	Morocco	2082	only	-	Jun	28	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2083	only	-	May	16	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2083	only	-	Jun	20	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2084	only	-	Apr	30	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2084	only	-	Jun	11	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2085	only	-	Apr	22	 3:00	-1:00	-

-Rule	Morocco	2085	only	-	Jun	 3	 2:00	0	-

+Rule	Morocco	2085	only	-	May	27	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2086	only	-	Apr	14	 3:00	-1:00	-

 Rule	Morocco	2086	only	-	May	19	 2:00	0	-

 Rule	Morocco	2087	only	-	Mar	30	 3:00	-1:00	-

@@ -1213,15 +1228,15 @@ Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8

 # From P Chan (2020-12-03):

 # GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01.

 # Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3

-# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235

+# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446,5221,1931,1235

 # says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905

-# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and

+# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted throughout the Colony and

 # Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and

 # 35 seconds back, recording local mean time."

 #

 # It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01.

 # [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5

-# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523

+# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92,3590,3944,2523

 # says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when

 # another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the

 # 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time."

@@ -1233,7 +1248,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8

 # https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27

 # "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted,

 # viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian

-# 7 [degrees] 30' E. long."

+# 7° 30' E. long."

 # Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos

 # was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of

 # Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes

@@ -1251,7 +1266,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8

 # The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first

 # reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on

 # Thursday 1919-08-28:

-# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915

+# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261,3408,2994,1915

 # "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and

 # West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a

 # standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time.  Nigeria standard time is

diff --git a/make/data/tzdata/antarctica b/make/data/tzdata/antarctica

index 792542b922..3de5e726eb 100644

--- a/make/data/tzdata/antarctica

+++ b/make/data/tzdata/antarctica

@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	-00	1976 Dec  1

 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12

 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,

 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year

-# at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.)

+# at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90° South.)

 #

 # From Susan Smith

 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html

diff --git a/make/data/tzdata/asia b/make/data/tzdata/asia

index ff81978bc4..6a048c3ad2 100644

--- a/make/data/tzdata/asia

+++ b/make/data/tzdata/asia

@@ -2714,6 +2714,40 @@ Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1908 Apr  1

 # Lebanon

+#

+# From Saadallah Itani (2023-03-23):

+# Lebanon ... announced today delay of Spring forward from March 25 to April 20.

+#

+# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-27):

+# This announcement was by the Lebanese caretaker prime minister Najib Mikati.

+# https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/News/Local/1352516/lebanon-postpones-daylight-saving-time-adoption

+# A video was later leaked to the media of parliament speaker Nabih Berri

+# asking Mikati to postpone DST to aid observance of Ramadan, Mikati objecting

+# that this would cause problems such as scheduling airline flights, to which

+# Berri interjected, "What flights?"

+#

+# The change was controversial and led to a partly-sectarian divide.

+# Many Lebanese institutions, including the education ministry, the Maronite

+# church, and two news channels LCBI and MTV, ignored the announcement and

+# went ahead with the long-scheduled spring-forward on March 25/26, some

+# arguing that the prime minister had not followed the law because the change

+# had not been approved by the cabinet.  Google went with the announcement;

+# Apple ignored it.  At least one bank followed the announcement for its doors,

+# but ignored the announcement in internal computer systems.

+# Beirut international airport listed two times for each departure.

+# Dan Azzi wrote "My view is that this whole thing is a Dumb and Dumber movie."

+# Eventually the prime minister backed down, said the cabinet had decided to

+# stick with its 1998 decision, and that DST would begin midnight March 29/30.

+# https://www.nna-leb.gov.lb/en/miscellaneous/604093/lebanon-has-two-times-of-day-amid-daylight-savings

+# https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/27/lebanon-in-two-different-time-zones-as-government-disagrees-on-daylight-savings.html

+#

+# Although we could model the chaos with two Zones, that would likely cause

+# more trouble than it would cure.  Since so many manual clocks and

+# computer-based timestamps ignored the announcement, stick with official

+# cabinet resolutions in the data while recording the prime minister's

+# announcement as a comment.  This is how we treated a similar situation in

+# Rio de Janeiro in spring 1993.

+#

 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

 Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S

 Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-

@@ -2739,6 +2773,10 @@ Rule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-

 Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S

 Rule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-

 Rule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-

+# This one-time rule, announced by the prime minister first for April 21

+# then for March 30, is commented out for reasons described above.

+#Rule	Lebanon	2023	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S

+

 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

 Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880

 			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT

@@ -2977,7 +3015,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920

 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."

 #

 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html

-# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4

+# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\05\15\story_15-5-2008_pg1_4

 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):

 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.

@@ -3300,7 +3338,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907

 # Some of many sources in Arabic:

 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638

 #

-# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html

+# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/بدء-التوقيت-الصيفي-بالضفة-وغزة-ليلة-الجمعة.html

 #

 # Our brief summary:

 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html

@@ -3310,7 +3348,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907

 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).

 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]

 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120

-# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html

+# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/رام-الله-بدء-التوقيت-الصيفي-29-الجاري.html

 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):

 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight

@@ -3408,9 +3446,41 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907

 # (2022-08-31): ... the Saturday before the last Sunday in March and October

 # at 2:00 AM ,for the years from 2023 to 2026.

 # (2022-09-05): https://mtit.pna.ps/Site/New/1453

-#

-# From Paul Eggert (2022-08-31):

-# For now, assume that this rule will also be used after 2026.

+

+# From Heba Hamad (2023-03-22):

+# ... summer time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 04-29-2023,

+# 02:00 AM by 60 minutes forward.

+#

+# From Paul Eggert (2023-03-22):

+# For now, guess that spring and fall transitions will normally

+# continue to use 2022's rules, that during DST Palestine will switch

+# to standard time at 02:00 the last Saturday before Ramadan and back

+# to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after Ramadan, and that

+# if the normal spring-forward or fall-back transition occurs during

+# Ramadan the former is delayed and the latter advanced.

+# To implement this, I predicted Ramadan-oriented transition dates for

+# 2023 through 2086 by running the following program under GNU Emacs 28.2,

+# with the results integrated by hand into the table below.

+# Predictions after 2086 are approximated without Ramadan.

+#

+# (let ((islamic-year 1444))

+#   (require 'cal-islam)

+#   (while (< islamic-year 1510)

+#     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))

+#           (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))

+#           (saturday 6))

+#       (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))

+#       (while (/= saturday (mod b 7))

+#         (setq b (1+ b)))

+#       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))

+#       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))

+#       (insert

+#        (format

+#         (concat "Rule Palestine\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t2:00\t0\t-\n"

+#                 "Rule Palestine\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t2:00\t1:00\tS\n")

+#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))

+#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))

+#     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))

 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S

@@ -3450,8 +3520,86 @@ Rule Palestine	2020	2021	-	Mar	Sat<=30	0:00	1:00	S

 Rule Palestine	2020	only	-	Oct	24	1:00	0	-

 Rule Palestine	2021	only	-	Oct	29	1:00	0	-

 Rule Palestine	2022	only	-	Mar	27	0:00	1:00	S

-Rule Palestine	2022	max	-	Oct	Sat<=30	2:00	0	-

-Rule Palestine	2023	max	-	Mar	Sat<=30	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2022	2035	-	Oct	Sat<=30	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2023	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2024	only	-	Apr	13	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2025	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2026	2054	-	Mar	Sat<=30	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2036	only	-	Oct	18	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2037	only	-	Oct	10	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2038	only	-	Sep	25	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2039	only	-	Sep	17	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2039	only	-	Oct	22	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2039	2067	-	Oct	Sat<=30	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2040	only	-	Sep	 1	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2040	only	-	Oct	13	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2041	only	-	Aug	24	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2041	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2042	only	-	Aug	16	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2042	only	-	Sep	20	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2043	only	-	Aug	 1	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2043	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2044	only	-	Jul	23	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2044	only	-	Aug	27	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2045	only	-	Jul	15	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2045	only	-	Aug	19	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2046	only	-	Jun	30	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2046	only	-	Aug	11	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2047	only	-	Jun	22	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2047	only	-	Jul	27	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2048	only	-	Jun	 6	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2048	only	-	Jul	18	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2049	only	-	May	29	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2049	only	-	Jul	 3	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2050	only	-	May	21	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2050	only	-	Jun	25	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2051	only	-	May	 6	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2051	only	-	Jun	17	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2052	only	-	Apr	27	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2052	only	-	Jun	 1	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2053	only	-	Apr	12	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2053	only	-	May	24	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2054	only	-	Apr	 4	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2054	only	-	May	16	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2055	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2056	only	-	Apr	22	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2057	only	-	Apr	 7	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2058	max	-	Mar	Sat<=30	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2068	only	-	Oct	20	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2069	only	-	Oct	12	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2070	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2071	only	-	Sep	19	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2072	only	-	Sep	10	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2072	only	-	Oct	15	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2073	only	-	Sep	 2	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2073	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2074	only	-	Aug	18	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2074	only	-	Sep	29	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2075	only	-	Aug	10	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2075	only	-	Sep	14	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2075	max	-	Oct	Sat<=30	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2076	only	-	Jul	25	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2076	only	-	Sep	 5	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2077	only	-	Jul	17	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2077	only	-	Aug	28	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2078	only	-	Jul	 9	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2078	only	-	Aug	13	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2079	only	-	Jun	24	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2079	only	-	Aug	 5	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2080	only	-	Jun	15	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2080	only	-	Jul	20	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2081	only	-	Jun	 7	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2081	only	-	Jul	12	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2082	only	-	May	23	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2082	only	-	Jul	 4	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2083	only	-	May	15	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2083	only	-	Jun	19	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2084	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2084	only	-	Jun	10	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2085	only	-	Apr	21	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2085	only	-	Jun	 2	2:00	1:00	S

+Rule Palestine	2086	only	-	Apr	13	2:00	0	-

+Rule Palestine	2086	only	-	May	18	2:00	1:00	S

 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

 Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct

@@ -3655,7 +3803,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1

 # standard time is SLST.

 #

 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):

-# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time

+# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely used outside time

 # zone nerd sources.  I searched Google News and found three uses of

 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and

 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing

diff --git a/make/data/tzdata/australasia b/make/data/tzdata/australasia

index fbe3b8a6d7..893d7055ea 100644

--- a/make/data/tzdata/australasia

+++ b/make/data/tzdata/australasia

@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	-00	1899 Nov

 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):

 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:

-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx

+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-(1).aspx

 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):

 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year.

@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1892 Jul  5

 #

 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not

 # contain any dates:

-# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf

+# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20(English)%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf

 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):

 # Please see

@@ -1831,7 +1831,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila

 # period.  It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during

 # that period of time like the surrounding area.

-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):

+# From Paul Eggert (2023-01-23):

 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the

 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones

 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.

@@ -1844,7 +1844,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila

 # they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff.

 #

 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,

-# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time".  There is no official abbreviation,

+# under the name "Chamorro standard time".  There is no official abbreviation,

 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,

 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".

@@ -2222,24 +2222,18 @@ Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila

 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the

 # correct date is ambiguous.

-# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):

-# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting

-# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's

-# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's

-# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon).  During 1917, at the

-# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all

-# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones

-# on the high seas.  Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any

-# nation it would use that nation's standard time.  The captain was permitted

-# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's

-# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight.  These zones were

-# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many

-# independent merchant ships until World War II.

-

-# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen

-# (2005-03-20):

-#

-# The American Practical Navigator (2002)

-# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187

-# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in

-# international waters; it ignores the international date line.

+# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_time> (2023-01-23):

+# The nautical time zone system is analogous to the terrestrial time zone

+# system for use on high seas.  Under the system time changes are required for

+# changes of longitude in one-hour steps.  The one-hour step corresponds to a

+# time zone width of 15° longitude.  The 15° gore that is offset from GMT or

+# UT1 (not UTC) by twelve hours is bisected by the nautical date line into two

+# 7°30' gores that differ from GMT by ±12 hours.  A nautical date line is

+# implied but not explicitly drawn on time zone maps.  It follows the 180th

+# meridian except where it is interrupted by territorial waters adjacent to

+# land, forming gaps: it is a pole-to-pole dashed line.

+

+# From Paul Eggert (2023-01-23):

+# The American Practical Navigator <https://msi.nga.mil/Publications/APN>,

+# 2019 edition, merely says that the International Date Line

+# "coincides with the 180th meridian over most of its length."

diff --git a/make/data/tzdata/backward b/make/data/tzdata/backward

index fa44f65500..c0746d6dd1 100644

--- a/make/data/tzdata/backward

+++ b/make/data/tzdata/backward

@@ -297,6 +297,7 @@ Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Rosario

 Link	America/Tijuana		America/Santa_Isabel

 Link	America/Denver		America/Shiprock

 Link	America/Toronto		America/Thunder_Bay

+Link	America/Edmonton	America/Yellowknife

 Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/South_Pole

 Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Chongqing

 Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Harbin

diff --git a/make/data/tzdata/europe b/make/data/tzdata/europe

index acc5da3ec7..446d2e1e65 100644

--- a/make/data/tzdata/europe

+++ b/make/data/tzdata/europe

@@ -540,9 +540,7 @@ Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1

 # other form with a traditional approximation for Irish timestamps

 # after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC; although this approximation has tm_isdst

 # flags that are reversed, its UTC offsets are correct and this often

-# suffices.  This source file currently uses only nonnegative SAVE

-# values, but this is intended to change and downstream code should

-# not rely on it.

+# suffices....

 #

 # The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in

 # summer and negative daylight saving time in winter.  It is for when

@@ -1136,19 +1134,18 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn

 #

 # From Jürgen Appel (2022-11-25):

 # https://ina.gl/samlinger/oversigt-over-samlinger/samling/dagsordener/dagsorden.aspx?lang=da&day=24-11-2022

-# If I understand this correctly, from the next planned switch to

-# summer time, Greenland will permanently stay at that time, i.e. no

-# switch back to winter time in 2023 will occur.

-#

-# From Paul Eggert (2022-11-28):

-# The official document in Danish

-# https://naalakkersuisut.gl/-/media/naalakkersuisut/filer/kundgoerelser/2022/11/2511/31_da_inatsisartutlov-om-tidens-bestemmelse.pdf?la=da&hash=A33597D8A38CC7038465241119EF34F3

-# says standard time for Greenland is -02, that Naalakkersuisut can lay down

-# rules for DST and can require some areas to use a different time zone,

-# and that this all takes effect 2023-03-25 22:00.  The abovementioned

-# "bekymringer" URL says the intent is no transition March 25, that

-# Greenland will not go back to winter time in fall 2023, and that

-# only America/Nuuk is affected (though further changes may occur).

+#

+# From Thomas M. Steenholdt (2022-12-02):

+# - The bill to move America/Nuuk from UTC-03 to UTC-02 passed.

+# - The bill to stop observing DST did not (Greenland will stop observing DST

+#   when EU does).

+# Details on the implementation are here (section 6):

+# https://ina.gl/dvd/EM%202022/pdf/media/2553529/pkt17_em2022_tidens_bestemmelse_bem_da.pdf

+# This is how the change will be implemented:

+# 1. The shift *to* DST in 2023 happens as normal.

+# 2. The shift *from* DST in 2023 happens as normal, but coincides with the

+#    shift to UTC-02 normaltime (people will not change their clocks here).

+# 3. After this, DST is still observed, but as -02/-01 instead of -03/-02.

 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

 Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D

@@ -1172,8 +1169,8 @@ Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit

 			-1:00	EU	-01/+00

 Zone America/Nuuk	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Godthåb

 			-3:00	-	-03	1980 Apr  6  2:00

-			-3:00	EU	-03/-02	2023 Mar 25 22:00

-			-2:00	-	-02

+			-3:00	EU	-03/-02	2023 Oct 29  1:00u

+			-2:00	EU	-02/-01

 Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik

 			-4:00	Thule	A%sT

@@ -1509,9 +1506,9 @@ Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 16

 Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S

 Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-

 Rule	Germany	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-

-# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition

-# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.

-# Go with the PTB.

+# https://www.ptb.de/cms/en/ptb/fachabteilungen/abt4/fb-44/ag-441/realisation-of-legal-time-in-germany/dst-and-midsummer-dst-in-germany-until-1979.html

+# says the following transition occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ

+# given in Shanks & Pottenger. Go with the PTB.

 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	3:00s	1:00	S

 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	M

 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	S

@@ -2272,7 +2269,7 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct

 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to

 # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones.  The new

 # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...

-# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02

+# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02

 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N

 # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding

 # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):

@@ -2682,13 +2679,13 @@ Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3

 			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21

 			 4:00	-	+04	1961 Nov 11

 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1988 Mar 27  2:00s

-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s

+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s

 			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s

-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s

-			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s

-			 3:00	-	+03	2018 Oct 28  2:00s

+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s

+			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s

+			 3:00	-	MSK	2018 Oct 28  2:00s

 			 4:00	-	+04	2020 Dec 27  2:00s

-			 3:00	-	+03

+			 3:00	-	MSK

 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):

 # Europe/Saratov covers:

@@ -2719,11 +2716,11 @@ Zone Europe/Saratov	 3:04:18 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u

 Zone Europe/Kirov	 3:18:48 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u

 			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21

 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s

-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s

+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s

 			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s

-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s

-			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s

-			 3:00	-	+03

+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s

+			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s

+			 3:00	-	MSK

 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):

 # Europe/Samara covers...

diff --git a/make/data/tzdata/iso3166.tab b/make/data/tzdata/iso3166.tab

index fbfb74bec4..cea17732dd 100644

--- a/make/data/tzdata/iso3166.tab

+++ b/make/data/tzdata/iso3166.tab

@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ SY	Syria

 SZ	Eswatini (Swaziland)

 TC	Turks & Caicos Is

 TD	Chad

-TF	French Southern Territories

+TF	French S. Terr.

 TG	Togo

 TH	Thailand

 TJ	Tajikistan

diff --git a/make/data/tzdata/leapseconds b/make/data/tzdata/leapseconds

index d6fb840f51..89ce8b89cd 100644

--- a/make/data/tzdata/leapseconds

+++ b/make/data/tzdata/leapseconds

@@ -95,11 +95,11 @@ Leap	2016	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S

 # Any additional leap seconds will come after this.

 # This Expires line is commented out for now,

 # so that pre-2020a zic implementations do not reject this file.

-#Expires 2023	Jun	28	00:00:00