<sect1 id="scripts-bash-locale">

    <title>Standardize Localization Tasks</title>

    <para>

        The <function>locale</function> functionality is the

        interface the <command>centos-art.sh</command> script provides

        to standardize localization tasks inside the working copy.

    </para>

    <screen>centos-art locale [OPTIONS] [DIRECTORY]</screen>

    <para>

        The <varname>DIRECTORY</varname> parameter specifies the

        directory path, inside the working copy of &TCAR;, where the

        files you want to process are stored in.  This paramter can be

        provided more than once in order to process more than one

        directory path in a single command execution.  When this

        parameter is not provided, the current directory path where

        the command was called from is used instead.

    </para>

    <para>

        The <function>locale</function> functionality accepts the

        following options: 

    </para>

    <variablelist>

    <varlistentry>

    <term><option>--quiet</option></term>

    <listitem>

    <para>

        Supress all output messages except error messages.  When this

        option is passed, all confirmation requests are supressed and

        a possitive answer is assumed for them, just as if the

        <option>--answer-yes</option> option would have been provided.

    </para>

    </listitem>

    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>

    <term><option>--answer-yes</option></term>

    <listitem>

    <para>

       Assume <emphasis>yes</emphasis> to all confirmation requests.

    </para>

    </listitem>

    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>

    <term><option>--filter="REGEX"</option></term>

    <listitem>

    <para>

        Reduce the list of files to process inside

        <varname>DIRECTORY</varname> using <varname>REGEX</varname> as

        pattern.  You can use this option to control the amount of

        files you want to locale.  The deeper you go into the

        directory structure the more specific you'll be about the

        files you want to locale.  When you cannot go deeper into the

        directory structure through <varname>DIRECTORY</varname>

        specification, use this option to reduce the list of files

        therein.

    </para>

    </listitem>

    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>

    <term><option>--dont-commit-changes</option></term>

    <listitem>

    <para>

        Supress all commit and update actions realized over files,

        before and after the actions themselves had took place over

        files in the working copy.

    </para>

    </listitem>

    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>

    <term><option>--update</option></term>

    <listitem>

    <para>

        This option updates both POT and PO files related to source

        files.  Use this option everytime you change translatable

        strings inside the source files.

    </para>

    </listitem>

    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>

    <term><option>--edit</option></term>

    <listitem>

    <para>

        This option edits the portable object related to source files.

        When you provide this option, your default text editor is used

        to open the portable object you, as translator, need to change

        in order to keep source file messages consistent with their

        localized versions.  In the very specific case of shell

        scripts localization, this option takes care of updating the

        machine object (MO) file the shell script requires to

        displayed translation messages correctly when it is executed.

    </para>

    </listitem>

    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>

    <term><option>--delete</option></term>

    <listitem>

    <para>

        This option unlocalizes source files. When you provide this

        option, the localization directory related to source files is

        removed from the working copy in conjunction with all portable

        objects and machine objects inside it.

    </para>

    </listitem>

    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>

    <term><option>--dont-create-mo</option></term>

    <listitem>

    <para>

        This option suppresses machine objects creation when shell

        scripts are localized.

    </para>

    </listitem>

    </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

    <para>

        The localization process is very tied to the source files we

        want to provide localized messages for. Inside the working

        copy of &TCAR; it is possible to localize XML-based files

        (e.g., SVG and Docbook) and programs written in most popular

        programming languages (e.g., C, C++, C#, Shell Scripts,

        Python, Java, GNU awk, PHP, etc.).

    </para>

    <para>

        The localization process initiates by retriving translatable

        strings from source files.  When source files are XML-based

        files, the only requisite to retrive translatable strings

        correctly is that they be well-formed.  Beyond that, the

        <command>xml2po</command> command takes care of everything

        else.  When source files are Shell script files, it is

        necessary that you previously define what strings inside the

        script are considered as translatable strings in order for

        <command>xgettext</command> command to retrive them correctly.

        To define translatable strings inside shell scripts, you need

        to use either <command>gettext</command>,

        <command>ngettext</command>, <command>eval_gettext</command>

        or <command>eval_ngettext</command> command as it is following

        described:

    </para>

    <itemizedlist>

    <listitem>

    <para>

        Use the <command>gettext</command> command to display the

        native language translation of a textual message.

    </para>

    <screen>MESSAGE="`gettext "There is no entry to create."`"</screen>

    </listitem>

    <listitem>

    <para>

        Use the <command>ngettext</command> command to display the

        native language translation of a textual message whose

        grammatical form depends on a number.

    </para>

    <screen>MESSAGE="`ngettext "The following entry will be created" \

                   "The following entries will be created" \

                   $COUNT`:"</screen>

    </listitem>

    <listitem>

    <para>

        Use the <command>eval_gettext</command> command to display the

        native language translation of a textual message, performing

        dollar-substitution on the result.  Note that only shell

        variables mentioned in the message will be dollar-substituted

        in the result.

    </para>

    <screen>MESSAGE="`eval_gettext "The location \\\"\\\$LOCATION\\\" is not valid."`"</screen>

    </listitem>

    <listitem>

    <para>

        Use the <command>eval_ngettext</command> command to display

        the native language translation of a textual message whose

        grammatical form depends on a number, performing

        dollar-substitution on the result.  Note that only shell

        variables mentioned in messages will be dollar-substituted in

        the result.

    </para>

    <screen>MESSAGE="`eval_ngettext "The following entry will be created in \\\$LOCATION" \

                        "The following entries will be created in \\\$LOCATION" \

                        $COUNT`:"</screen>

    </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

    <para>

        Once translatable strings are retrived, a portable object

        template (POT) file is created for storing them. Later, the

        POT file is used to create a portable object (PO). The

        portable object is the place where localization itself takes

        place, it is the file translators edit to localize messages.

        When translatable strings change inside source files, it is

        necessary that you update these POT and PO files in order to

        keep consistency between source file messages and their

        localized versions.

    </para>

    <para>

        Inside source files, translatable strings are always written

        in English language. In order to localize translatable strings

        from English language to another language, you need to be sure

        the <envar>LANG</envar> environment variable has been already

        set to the locale code you want to localize message for or see

        them printed out before running the

        <function>locale</function> functionality of

        <command>centos-art.sh</command> script.  Localizing English

        language to itself is not supported.

    </para>

    <para>

        To have a list of all locale codes you can have localized

        messages for, run the following command: <command>locale -a |

        less</command>.

    </para>

</sect1>